Jun 29, · Is Same-Sex marriage right or wrong? 10 Criminal Law Essay Topics. Discuss recent events of police brutality. How does the media affect significant crimes? Should prostitution be legal? Why or why not? How should immigration be punished in the United States? Should states have the right to exercise the death penalty? South Africa became the first African nation to legalize same-sex marriage in , and is currently the only African nation where same-sex marriage is legal. During this same period, some municipalities have been enacting laws against homosexuality. For example, Rhea County, Tennessee, unsuccessfully tried to "ban homosexuals" in According to most who oppose same-sex marriage, the idea of its legalization threatens the sanctity of the institution of marriage. If America were to allow homosexual couples to marry, that could clear the way for people to have multiple wives and husbands, people marrying objects or animals, or adults marrying children
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender LGBT movements are social movements that advocate for LGBT people in society. Social movements may focus on equal rights, such as the s movement for same-sex marriage, or they may focus on liberation, as in the gay liberation movement of the s and s.
Earlier movements focused on self-help and self-acceptance, such as the homophile movement of the s. Although there is not a primary or an overarching central organization that represents all LGBT people and their interests, numerous LGBT rights organizations are active worldwide. The earliest organizations to support LGBT rights were formed in the early 20th century. A commonly stated goal among these movements is social equality for LGBT people, but there is still denial of full LGBT rights.
Sociologist Mary Bernstein writes: "For the lesbian and gay movement, then, why same sex marriage should be legal essay goals include but are not limited to challenging dominant constructions of masculinity and femininityhomophobiaand the primacy of the gendered heterosexual nuclear family heteronormativity. Political goals include changing laws and policies to gain new rights, benefits, and protections from harm, why same sex marriage should be legal essay.
As with other social movements, there is also conflict within and between LGBT movements, especially about strategies for change and debates over exactly who represents the constituency of these movements, and this also applies to changing education. Leaders of the lesbian and gay movement of the s, 80s and 90s often attempted to hide masculine lesbians, feminine gay mentransgender people, and bisexuals from the public eye, creating internal divisions within LGBT communities.
This is due to misconceptions and conflicting views as to what entails "LGBT". For example, transgender people found that other members of the community were not understanding to their own, individual, specific needs and would instead make ignorant assumptions, and this can cause health risks. Evidently, even though most of these people would say that they stand for the same values as the majority of the community, there are still remaining inconsistencies even within the LGBT community.
LGBT movements have often adopted a kind of identity politics that sees gay, bisexual, why same sex marriage should be legal essay, and transgender people as a fixed class of people; a minority group or groups, and this is very common among LGBT communities.
Such attempts are often based in religious beliefs that perceive gay, lesbian, and bisexual activity as immoral. However, others within LGBT movements have criticized identity politics as limited and flawed, elements of the queer movement have argued that the categories of gay and lesbian are restrictive, and attempted to deconstruct those categories, which are seen to "reinforce rather than challenge a cultural system that will always mark the non heterosexual as inferior.
After the French Revolution the anticlerical feeling in Catholic countries coupled with the liberalizing effect of the Napoleonic Code made it possible to sweep away sodomy laws. However, in Protestant countries, where the church was less severe, there was no general reaction against statutes that were religious in origin.
As a result, many of those countries retained their statutes on sodomy until late in the 20th century. However,some countries still have retained their statutes on sodomy. for example in a case in India's high court was judged using a year-old reading that was punishing sodomy. In eighteenth - and nineteenth-century Europesame-sex sexual behavior and cross-dressing were widely considered to be socially unacceptable, and were serious crimes under sodomy and sumptuary laws.
There were, however, some exceptions. For example, in the 17th century cross dressing was common in plays, as evident in the content of many of William Shakespeare 's plays and by the actors in actual performance since female roles in Elizabethan theater were always performed by males, usually prepubescent boys. Thomas Cannon wrote what may be the earliest published defense of homosexuality in English, Ancient and Modern Pederasty Investigated and Exemplify'd Although only fragments of his work have survived, it was a humorous anthology of homosexual advocacy, written with an obvious enthusiasm for its subject.
Desire is an amatory Impulse of the inmost human Parts: Are not they, however constructed, and consequently impelling, Nature? Social reformer Jeremy Bentham wrote the first known argument for homosexual law reform in England aroundat a time when the legal penalty for buggery was death by hanging. His advocacy stemmed from his utilitarian philosophyin which the morality of an action is determined by the net consequence of that action why same sex marriage should be legal essay human well-being.
He argued that homosexuality was a victimless crimeand therefore not deserving of social approbation or criminal charges. He regarded popular negative attitudes against homosexuality as an irrational prejudice, fanned and perpetuated by religious teachings.
The emerging currents of secular humanist thought that had inspired Bentham also informed the French Revolutionand when the newly formed National Constituent Assembly began drafting the policies and laws of the new republic inwhy same sex marriage should be legal essay, groups of militant "sodomite-citizens" in Paris petitioned the Assemblée nationalethe governing body of the French Revolutionfor freedom and recognition.
With the introduction of the Napoleonic Code inthe Duchy of Warsaw also decriminalized homosexuality. Inthe new Penal Code of the Brazilian Empire did not repeat the title XIII of the fifth book of the "Ordenações Philipinas", which made sodomy a crime. Inan anonymous English-language writer wrote a poetic defense of Captain Nicholas Nicholls, who had been sentenced to death in London for sodomy:. Whence spring these inclinations, rank and strong? And harming no one, wherefore call them wrong?
Three years later in Switzerland, Heinrich Hoessli published the first volume of Eros: Die Männerliebe der Griechen English: "Eros: The Male Love of the Greeks"another defense of same-sex love.
In many ways, social attitudes to homosexuality became more hostile during the late Victorian era. Inthe Labouchere Amendment was included in the Criminal Law Amendment Actwhich criminalized 'any act of gross indecency with another male person'; a charge that was successfully invoked to convict playwright Oscar Wilde in with the why same sex marriage should be legal essay severe sentence possible under the Act.
The first person known to describe himself as a drag queen was William Dorsey Swannborn enslaved in Hancock, Maryland. Swann was the first American on record who pursued legal and political action to defend the LGBTQ community 's right to assemble. Swann was arrested in police raids numerous times, including in the first documented case of arrests for female impersonation in the United States, on April 12, From the s, social reformers began to defend homosexuality, but due to the controversial why same sex marriage should be legal essay of their advocacy, kept their identities secret.
Ives met Wilde at the Authors' Club in London in InIves created and founded the first homosexual rights group, the Order of Chaeronea. John Addington Symonds was a poet and an early advocate of male love. Inhe wrote A Problem in Greek Ethicsa work of what would later be called " gay history. Chaddock for introducing "homosexual" into the English language inSymonds had already used the word in A Problem in Greek Ethics.
Symonds also translated classical poetry on homoerotic themes, and wrote poems drawing on ancient Greek imagery and language such as Eudiadeswhich has been called "the most famous of his homoerotic poems". By the end of his life, Symonds' homosexuality had become an open secret in Victorian literary and cultural circles. In particular, why same sex marriage should be legal essay, Symonds' memoirs, written over a four-year period, from toform the one of the earliest known works of self-conscious homosexual autobiography in English.
The recently decoded autobiographies of Anne Lister are an earlier example in English. Another friend of Ives was the English socialist poet Edward Carpenter. Carpenter thought that homosexuality was an innate and natural human characteristic and that it should not be regarded as a sin or a criminal offense. In the s, Carpenter began a concerted effort to campaign against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientationpossibly in response to the recent death of Symonds, whom he viewed as his campaigning inspiration.
His book on the subject, The Intermediate Sexwould become a foundational text of the LGBT movements of the 20th century. Scottish anarchist John Henry Mackay also wrote in defense of same-sex love and androgyny.
English sexologist Havelock Ellis why same sex marriage should be legal essay the first objective scientific study of homosexuality inin which he treated it as a neutral sexual condition. Called Sexual Inversion it was first printed in German and then translated into English a year later. In the book, Ellis argued that same-sex relationships could not be characterized as a pathology or a crime and that its importance rose above the arbitrary restrictions imposed by society.
The book was so controversial at the time that one bookseller was charged in court for holding why same sex marriage should be legal essay of the work. It is claimed that Ellis coined the term 'homosexual', but in fact he disliked the word due to its conflation of Greek and Latin.
These early proponents of LGBT rights, such as Carpenter, were often aligned with a broader socio-political movement known as ' free love '; a critique of Victorian sexual morality and the traditional institutions of family and marriage that were seen to enslave women. Some advocates of free love in the early 20th century, including Russian anarchist and feminist Emma Goldmanalso spoke in defence of same-sex love and challenged repressive legislation. An early LGBT movement also began in Germany at the turn of the 20th century, centering on the doctor and writer Magnus Hirschfeld.
In he formed the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee campaign publicly against the notorious law " Paragraph ", which made sex between men illegal.
Adolf Brand later broke away from the group, why same sex marriage should be legal essay, disagreeing with Hirschfeld's medical view of the " intermediate sex ", seeing male-male sex as merely an aspect of manly virility and male social bonding. Brand was the first to use " outing " as a political strategy, claiming that German Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow engaged in homosexual activity.
The book Sind es Frauen? Roman über das dritte Geschlecht English: Are These Women? Novel about the Third Sex by Aimée Duc was as much a political treatise as a novel, criticising pathological theories of homosexuality and gender inversion in women. Rüling, who also saw "men, women, and homosexuals" as three distinct genders, called for an alliance between the women's and sexual reform movements, but this speech is her only known contribution to the cause.
Women only began to join the previously male-dominated sexual reform movement around when the Why same sex marriage should be legal essay government tried to expand Paragraph to outlaw sex between women. Heterosexual feminist leader Helene Stöcker became a prominent figure in the movement.
Friedrich Radszuweit published LGBT literature and magazines in Berlin e. Hirschfeld, whose life was dedicated to social progress for people who were transsexual, transvestite and homosexual, formed the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft Institute for Sexology in The institute conducted an enormous amount of research, saw thousands of transgender and homosexual clients at consultations, and championed a broad range of sexual reforms including sex education, contraception and women's rights.
However, the gains made in Germany would soon be drastically reversed with the rise of Nazismand the institute and its library were destroyed in The Swiss journal Der Kreis was the only part of the movement to continue through the Nazi era.
USSR's Criminal Code of decriminalized homosexuality. This step was part of a larger project of freeing sexual relationships and expanding women's rights — including legalizing abortion, granting divorce on demand, equal rights for women, and attempts to socialize housework. During Stalin's era, however, USSR reverted all these progressive measures — re-criminalizing homosexuality and imprisoning why same sex marriage should be legal essay men and banning abortion.
InEnglish writer Radclyffe Hall published a novel titled The Well of Loneliness. Its plot centers on Stephen Gordon, a woman who identifies herself as an invert after reading Krafft-Ebing's Psychopathia Sexualisand lives within the homosexual subculture of Paris. The novel included a foreword by Havelock Ellis and was intended to be a call for tolerance for inverts by publicizing their disadvantages and accidents of being born inverted.
In the United States, several secret or semi-secret groups were formed explicitly to advance the rights of homosexuals as early as the turn of the 20th century, but little is known about them. Immediately following World War IIa number of homosexual rights groups came into being or were revived across the Western world, why same sex marriage should be legal essay, in Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the Scandinavian why same sex marriage should be legal essay and the United States.
These groups usually preferred the term homophile to homosexualemphasizing love over sex. The homophile movement began in the late s with groups in the Netherlands and Denmark, and continued throughout the s and s with groups in Sweden, Norway, the United States, FranceBritain and elsewhere. ONE, Inc. S, [35] was bankrolled by the wealthy transsexual man Reed Erickson. transgender rights journal, Transvestia: The Journal of the American Society for Equality in Dressalso published two issues in why same sex marriage should be legal essay The homophile movement lobbied to establish a prominent influence in political systems of social acceptability.
Radicals of the s would later disparage the homophile groups for being assimilationist. Any demonstrations were orderly and polite. S, [37] and a national organization had been formed, but they were largely ignored by the media.
A gay march held in front of Independence Hall in Philadelphia, according to some historians, marked the beginning of the modern gay rights movement. Meanwhile, in San Francisco, the LGBT youth organization Vanguard was formed by Adrian Ravarour to demonstrate for equality, and Vanguard members protested for equal rights during the months of April—Julyfollowed by the August Compton's riot, where transgender street prostitutes in the poor neighborhood of Tenderloin rioted against police harassment at a popular all-night restaurant, Gene Compton's Cafeteria.
Same-sex marriage now legal across the United States
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Jun 29, · Is Same-Sex marriage right or wrong? 10 Criminal Law Essay Topics. Discuss recent events of police brutality. How does the media affect significant crimes? Should prostitution be legal? Why or why not? How should immigration be punished in the United States? Should states have the right to exercise the death penalty? Jun 28, · Should it be legal for politicians to accept campaign contributions from corporate lobbyists? Why you should vote. Ban abusive language in elections. Why you should know Bernie Sanders. Term limits need to be respected. Give Kurdistan back to the Kurds. Zimbabwe is the next drama in world politics. Central Asian states could become a threat Jul 11, · A political compromise (sometimes proposed in same-sex marriage debates) of restricting marriage to different-sex couples and offering civil unions or domestic partnerships to same-sex couples does not fully answer the arguments for same-sex marriage. To see why such a two-tier solution fails to address the arguments grounded in equal treatment
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